❣PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING & MOTIVATION❣

● Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud
● Psychosocial Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality
● Ecological Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development
● Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky
● Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner
● Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths
● Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner
● Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
● Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning 
● Edward Thorndike - connectionism
● B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement 
● Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self eficacy
● David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
● Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
● Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
● Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory
● Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
● Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
● Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space
● Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory
● Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) * gap b/w actual and potential development
● Hilda Taba - Grassroots Approach
● Max Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology
● Wilhelm Wundt - "Father of Modern Psychology"
● William James - wrote the "Principles of psychology"/ consciousness
● hypothalamus - brain's stress center
● Abraham Maslow - physiological needs; "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs" ; safety&security; love & belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization
● John B. Watson - (behaviorist approach) an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.
💮CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT💮
♥️SABERTOOTH CURRICULUM - responsive to the environment
♥️SPIRALLED CURRICULUM - increasing level of difficulty
♥️CURRICULUM - planning, design, development, implement, evaluation, engineering
♥️CURRICULUM PLANNING - aligned to mission, vision, goals
☯️TYPES OF LESSON: 
👉• development lesson
👉• review lesson
👉• drill lesson
👉• appreciation lesson
☯️ENCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES
👉• pre-figurative
👉• post figurative
👉• co figurative
☯️ACCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES
👉• adopted change
👉• free borrowing
☯️SOCIETAL TRENDS - Alvin Teoffer
👉• explosion
👉• implosion
👉• technoplosion
👉• dysplosion
♥️PREFIGURATIVE - learn older generation
♥️POST FIGURATIVE - learn younger generation
♥️CO FIGURATIVE - learn same age
♥️ADOPTED CHANGE - acculturation that is imposed
♥️EXPLOSION - influx of people from rural to urban
♥️INPLOSION - influx of information
♥️TECHNOPLOSION - influx of ICT tools and gadgets
♥️DYSPLOSION - deterioration of human values
♥️KNOWLEDGE FOR PRACTICE – malaman | teacher preparation
♥️KNOWLEDGE IN PRACTICE – maranasan | artistry of practice
♥️KNOWLEDGE OF PRACTICE – maunawaan | systematic inquiries about teaching
☯️CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT - decision making
☯️TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
♥️• content knowledge
♥️• pedagogical knowledge
♥️• technological knowledge
♥️• context knowledge
☯️LEE S. SHULMANS - PCK model
♥️ELEMENT OF TIMELINESS – classic | transcends through generation
♥️ELEMENT OF TIMELESSNESS - can withstand the test of time
☯️TOTAL DEVELOPMENT
♥️• beginner survival
♥️• content survival
♥️• mastery survival
☯️TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
♥️• social
♥️• economic
♥️• cultural
♥️• political
♥️• technological
♥️• ethico moral
☯️J. ABNER PEDDWELL (1939) - sabertooth curriculum
☯️4 DOMAINS
♥️1. planning and preparation
♥️2. classroom environment
♥️3. instruction
♥️4. professional response
☯️TRIVIUM - rhetoric (speech) | grammar (English) | logic
☯️QUADRIVIUM – arithmetic | geometry | music |astronomy
♥️ARITHMETIC - number itself
♥️GEOMETRY - number in space
♥️MUSIC - number in time
♥️ASTRONOMY - number in time and space
♥️HERACLITUS - one cannot bathe in the same river twice
☯️CURRICULUM - sum total of all the experiences provided by the school to students for optimum growth and development
👉HARD SKILLS - what do you want the students to learn?
👉SOFT SKILLS - why do you want them to learn it?
☯️THEORY OF APPERCEPTION - familiar to unfamiliar
☯️EDUCATIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEM
♥️• instruction
♥️• research & extension library
♥️• communication school guidance
♥️• physical facilities canteen
♥️• curriculum
♥️SERVICE LEARNING - teaching method that combines meaningful service to the community with curriculum based learning and education in action
♥️CLOZE TEST/ PROCEDURE - every 5th or 7th word is omitted
♥️ARBORESCENT - growth is vertical
♥️RHIZOMATIC - growth is horizontal
♥️PROGRESSIVE LEARNING - in order
♥️RETROGRESSIVE LEARNING - reverse order
♥️ROTE LEARNING - not progressive or retro
☯️5 MAJOR CLUSTERS OF STRATEGIES
♥️• direct instruction
♥️• indirect instruction
♥️• experiential learning
♥️• independent study
♥️• interactive instruction
♥️DIRECT INSTRUCTION - developing skills or providing information
♥️INDIRECT INSTRUCTION - involvement
♥️EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING - process not product
♥️INDEPENDENT STUDY - student initiative
♥️INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION - social skills
♥️PHILIPS 66 - students group by 6 | 6mins time
❄️MUSIC TYPOLOGIES
♥️• story music
♥️• program music
♥️• pure or absolute music
👉STORY MUSIC - tells a story
👉PROGRAM MUSIC - describes
👉PURE OR ABSOLUTE MUSIC - doesn’t tell or describe
👉GESSELSCHAFTLICH – market | perspective of schooling | (efficiency, productivity, competition)
👉GEMEINSHAFT – community | cultural relationship
☯️TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES OF CHANGE
👉• acceleration- mabilis
👉• novelty – new
👉• diversity
☯️MAX SCHELLER - state of valuelessness | anomie
☯️EDUCATION TYPOLOGIES
👉• formal
👉• non formal- alternative learning system
👉• informal - hidden curriculum
☯️STRATIFICATION - divided grouping
☯️PRIMARY GROUP – family |face to face | intimate and personal
☯️SECONDARY GROUP – impersonal | business like | casual
☯️IN GROUP – solidarity | camaraderie | sympathetic attitude
☯️OUT GROUP – indifference | avoidance | hatred
☯️PEER GROUP - same age | social and economic status including interest
☯️CLIQUE - different age | same interest