General Education Keywords&meaning 2
MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA
♥️1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop
♥️2. DING-DONG – bagay
♥️3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin
♥️4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal
💎FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES
♥️BENVENIDO SANTOS – American Culture Writings
♥️DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel)
♥️EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry Slaughter” that has been
translated many times
♥️ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner Jr.
♥️JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”, Dove G. Lion
♥️MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE - Masterpiece is
♥️“Don Quixote” that is most influential
♥️NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila
– Spanish Culture Writing
♥️PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made “Dead Stars” that is the 1st
modern English short story
♥️SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – Mark Twain
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
- “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (best novel)
♥️SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap.
💎PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS
♥️ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan
♥️ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog
♥️EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo
♥️EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
♥️GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura
♥️JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa
♥️JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan
♥️JUAN LUNA – Buan
♥️MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,Piping Dilat
♥️MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),Kalipulako
💎MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP
WALANG PAKSA:
♥️1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
♥️2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
♥️3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
♥️4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
♥️5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
♥️6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
💎KAYARIAN:
♥️1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
♥️2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa
♥️3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
♥️4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap
💎MGA URI NG KWENTO
♥️1. PABULA (fable) – hayop
♥️2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya
♥️3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay
♥️4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)
💎ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)
♥️1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo
♥️2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo
♥️3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo
💎KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective)
♥️1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan
♥️2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad
♥️3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
💎MGA URI NG TULA
♥️1. PATULA (Moro-moro)
♥️2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido)
💎MGA AWITING BAYAN
♥️1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon
♥️2. DIONA – kasal
♥️3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati)
♥️4. KALUSAN – paggawa
♥️5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma)
♥️6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig
♥️7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata
♥️8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan
♥️9. TALINDAW – pamamangka
💎PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO
♥️1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli)
♥️2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo”
♥️3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
♥️4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad
♥️5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – takpan
♥️6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)
♥️7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – marapat
💎MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS
♥️1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc.
♥️2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN – ito/this etc.
♥️3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all, anyone etc.
♥️4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp.
♥️5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when etc.
♥️6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano, which, who
💎MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA MUNDO
♥️AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by Confucius)
♥️AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)
♥️AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
♥️BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
♥️CANTEBURY TALES – America (by Chaucer)
♥️DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
♥️EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at history ng Spain
♥️ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece made by Homer.
♥️ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa Arabia at Persia
♥️KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible) ♥️MAHABRATA – India
♥️UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)
🏆MGA URI NG PANITIKAN
♥️1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga pangungusap
A. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga kabanata
B. DULA – pagtatanghal sa entablado
MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN:
a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena
b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan
d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may kaarawan
e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show
f. KURIDO – katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya
g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin
C. ALAMAT – pinagmulan
D. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting aral
♥️2. PATULA - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong
A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay.
a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan
o BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro
o BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko
o MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT HARI SA BUKID – Bisaya
o KUMINTANG – Tagalog
o DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua
o TATUANG - Bagobo
b. AWIT o KORIDO - kaharian
c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKI – own feeling
MGA TULANG LIRIKO:
o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan
o ELEHIYA – yumao
o DALIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos
o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid
o ODA – papuri
B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN
a. KOMEDYA
b. MELODRAMA – musical
c. TRAHEDYA – death of main character
d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa
e. SAYNETE -karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook
C. TULANG PATNIGAN
a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap.
b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula
c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo
💎FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY
PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING:
♥️1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD – mayroong pangatnig
♥️2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS – walang pangatnig
♥️3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao
♥️4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG
♥️5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo.
PAGLALARAWAN:
♥️6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o EKSAHERASYON
♥️7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG – pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka na.
♥️8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM – strong feeling.
♥️9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo ma’y malapit pa rin”
♥️10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - paradox w/ extra words
PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN:
♥️11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO
PAGSASATUNOG:
♥️12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG – tunog ang paksa
♥️13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT – repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na Dinadakila
♥️14. REPITASYON – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!...
IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA TULA:
♥️ALITERASYON – unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho
♥️ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan
♥️EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan
♥️PAG-UYAM – sarcasm
♥️LITOTES – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.
🔥TALUDTOD – linya sa tula
💎UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH
♥️1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by, in near, for, to, since
♥️2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG) - para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit
♥️3. INTERJECTION – with exclamation mark
💎PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE
♥️1. ARTICLES – a, an, the
♥️2. OPINION
♥️3. SIZE
♥️4. AGE
♥️5. SHAPE
♥️6. COLOR
♥️7. MATERIAL
♥️8. PURPOSE
💎CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
♥️1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung
♥️2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme
♥️3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of speech for individual character.
♥️4. ELEGY –death of individual
♥️5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure
♥️6. EULOGY – message for the dead
♥️7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme
♥️8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
♥️9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene
♥️10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
♥️11. NARRATIVE – tells story
♥️12. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
♥️13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way
♥️14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
♥️15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
🏆PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
♥️BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of 1st Republic. - Spainards paid P200 000
♥️1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – Apolinario Mabini
- rights of soldiers
- no Visayas yet in right of territories
♥️2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted from American Const.
♥️3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P. Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule.
♥️4. 1937 CONSTITUTION – Ferdinand Marcos
- Martial Law – 60days max
- Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & Saba
♥️5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles
- past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb 2, 1987)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals
♦️JUS SANGUINI – blood
♦️JUS SOLI – place
💎SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
♥️1. COMMUNIST – classless society
- State plans and controls economy
♥️2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted
♥️3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people
💎PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
♥️(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)♥️
💎ACTS
♥️1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia
♥️2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.
♥️3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC)
- fight global warming decreasing green house gases
♥️4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION
- environment and sustainable development
♥️5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election
- Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior
♥️6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom
♥️7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free foreign trade
♥️8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial free foreign trade
💎MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS
♥️1. AUGUSTINIAN – most intelligent
♥️2. FRANCISCAN – sends medical aids
♥️3. JESUITS
♥️4. DOMINICANS – richest
♥️5. RECOLECTS – most killed schools
💎MARTYR PRIESTS
♥️1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of secularization
♥️2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid there
♠️HOMO HABILIS – man of steel (bighead, uses muscle)
♠️HOMO ERECTUS – man who discovered fire & clothes
♠️HOMO SAPIENS – thinking man (can produce materials)
💎UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
♥️ANATOMY – inner organs ♥️ENTOMOLOGY – insects
♥️BIOCHEMISTRY – chemical patterns of animals
♥️ECOLOGY – living things bet. Each other in environment
♥️EMBRYOLOGY – developmental patterns fr. zygote-birth
♥️GENETICS – heredity MYCOLOGY – fungi
♥️HERPETOLOGY – reptiles and amphibians
♥️HISTOLOGY – plant and animal tissues
♥️MORPHOLOGY – phenotype (appearance)
♥️ORNITHOLOGY – birds PARASITOLOGY – parasites
♥️PALEONTOLOGY – fossils of animals and plants
♥️PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue, organ & system
♥️TAXONOMY – classification of living organisms
💎SCIENCE PROPONENTS
♥️CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of Taxonomy
♥️ROBERT HOOKE – termed “cells” (cellulae)
♥️ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule)
♥️ROBERT BROWN – discovered Nucleus
♥️MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) & ♥️THEODORE (Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
♥️RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed cells come fr. existing cells
💎EARTH’S SPHERES
♥️ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere protection from meteors
Divided into five:
♠️ Troposphere
♠️ Stratosphere
♠️ Mesosphere
♠️ Thermosphere
♠️ Exosphere
♥️HYDROSPHERE – water
♥️LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and continental crust
♥️BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth
♥️CRYOSPHERE – ice ANTHROSPHERE – ancestors
💎PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE
♥️1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System
- believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Responsible for weather and climate
♥️2. MERCURY – named after Roman God
- no satellite and atmosphere
- discovered by Mariner Ten
♥️3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and Beauty (Mariner 2)
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth
♥️4. EARTH
♥️5. MARS – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9)
♥️6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet (10hrs less)
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs
♥️7. SATURN – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks)
- made mostly of hydrogen
♥️8. URANUS – Frederick William Herscel
- Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet
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